Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in Dogs

Diabetes isn’t just a human health concern, it’s something that affects our dogs too. In fact, diabetes in dogs is more common than many pet owners realize, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious health issues. Fortunately, if caught early, it’s manageable and your dog can go on to live a happy, healthy life.

But how do you recognize the signs of diabetes in dogs? What causes it? And what can be done once your dog is diagnosed?

Let’s break it all down in this comprehensive guide.

What Is Diabetes in Dogs

Diabetes in dogs, much like in humans, is a chronic condition that affects the body’s ability to process glucose (sugar). Glucose is a vital source of energy, and insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps move that glucose into cells where it’s used for fuel.

In dogs with diabetes, this process gets disrupted in one of two ways;

• Type 1 diabetes - The pancreas stops producing insulin. This is the most common form in dogs.

• Type 2 diabetes - The body resists insulin’s effects. While more common in cats and humans, this can also happen in some dogs.

Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, causing high blood sugar levels. Over time, this can lead to serious damage to organs and systems throughout the dog’s body.

Causes of Diabetes in Dogs

There’s no single cause of canine diabetes, but several risk factors increase a dog’s chances of developing it.

Common causes and risk factors include:

• Age and sex - Middle-aged to older dogs and unspayed females are more commonly affected.

• Genetics - Certain breeds like Samoyeds, Miniature Schnauzers, Poodles, and Dachshunds are more prone to developing diabetes.

• Pancreatitis - Inflammation of the pancreas can damage insulin-producing cells.

• Cushing’s disease - This hormone disorder can interfere with insulin function.

• Medications - Long-term use of steroids like prednisone may trigger diabetes in susceptible dogs.

• Obesity - Excess weight increases insulin resistance, especially in older dogs

Understanding these factors helps in prevention and early detection especially in dogs who are genetically predisposed or living a less active lifestyle.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in Dogs

The early signs of diabetes in dogs can often be mistaken for normal aging or mild health issues, but they should never be ignored. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more noticeable and may even appear suddenly. Being familiar with the symptoms of diabetes in dogs can help you act fast and get your dog the help they need.

Look out for these common and often overlooked dog diabetes symptoms;

• Increased Thirst (Polydipsia)

One of the first signs of diabetes in dogs is excessive thirst, also known as polydipsia. If you find yourself constantly refilling your dog’s water bowl or notice them drinking from unusual places like puddles, toilets, or dripping faucets, it could be a sign of high blood sugar. 

Elevated glucose levels in the bloodstream cause dehydration because the kidneys attempt to flush out the excess sugar through urine, making your dog feel chronically thirsty. This symptom can sneak up on pet parents, especially in warmer months, so keep a close eye on your dog’s water consumption.

• Frequent Urination (Polyuria)

Closely linked to increased thirst, polyuria, or excessive urination, is another early dog diabetes symptom. Because diabetic dogs drink more water, they naturally urinate more. However, it’s more than just a fluid balance issue. High glucose levels spill into the urine, pulling additional fluids with them, resulting in more frequent and sometimes urgent bathroom trips.

If your dog starts having accidents in the house, wakes you up at night to go out, or urinates larger amounts than usual, it’s time to pay attention. This is a major diabetes warning sign in dogs.

• Weight Loss Despite Normal or Increased Appetite

If your dog seems hungry all the time but is still losing weight, that’s a big red flag. This paradox occurs because a diabetic dog’s body cannot effectively convert glucose into energy, even if it’s eating plenty. Instead, the body starts breaking down fat and muscle to fuel itself. 

This process leads to noticeable and unhealthy weight loss, even though your dog may seem to be eating more than usual. Sudden or unexplained weight loss is one of the most important symptoms of diabetes in dogs, especially when paired with increased hunger.

• Lethargy or Fatigue

Has your dog become less enthusiastic about their favorite activities? Do they seem unusually tired or sluggish? Lethargy or fatigue is another one of the key dog diabetes symptoms. Since their body isn’t getting enough energy from glucose, diabetic dogs often feel drained and less motivated. You might notice them sleeping more, showing less interest in walks or playtime, or generally appearing “off.” While many things can cause lethargy, when combined with other signs like increased thirst and weight loss, diabetes becomes a likely culprit.

• Cloudy Eyes or Cataracts

One of the more visually obvious symptoms of diabetes in dogs is the sudden development of cloudy eyes or cataracts. Cataracts occur when excess glucose in the bloodstream enters the eye lens and alters its structure, causing a cloudy or bluish-white appearance. 

If left untreated, this can lead to partial or complete blindness. Cataracts can develop rapidly in diabetic dogs, often within weeks or months of diagnosis. If you notice your dog bumping into things or acting visually disoriented, don’t wait to get their eyes and blood sugar checked.

• Recurring Infections

Another less obvious but serious sign of diabetes in dogs is an increase in infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). High blood sugar provides a rich environment for bacteria to thrive, especially in the urinary tract. Diabetic dogs may also experience recurring skin or ear infections due to a compromised immune system. 

If your dog keeps getting infections despite treatment, or you notice unusual discharge, odor, or itching, diabetes could be the underlying cause. These diabetes warning signs in dogs are often overlooked, but they are important indicators of the body’s struggle to maintain balance.

Damage Caused by Untreated Diabetes

Diabetes isn’t just about thirst and weight loss. If left unmanaged, it can cause long-term damage that significantly reduces your dog’s quality of life and lifespan.

Possible complications include;

• Ketoacidosis - A life-threatening condition where the body breaks down fat too rapidly, leading to an acid buildup in the blood. This is a medical emergency.

• Cataracts and blindness - Up to 75% of diabetic dogs develop cataracts within a year of diagnosis.

• Neuropathy - Damage to the nerves, leading to weakness or trouble walking.

• Kidney damage - Persistently high blood sugar levels strain the kidneys over time.

• Liver enlargement - The liver stores excess fat when glucose isn’t properly processed.

These complications highlight why it’s essential to understand how to recognize diabetes in dogs and take action early.

Treatment of Diabetes in Dogs

The good news? Diabetes in dogs is manageable, and with the right treatment plan, many dogs live full, active lives after diagnosis.

Here's what a treatment plan may include;

• Diet and Nutrition

Diet for diabetic dogs is a major part of treatment. Vets often recommend;

• High-fiber, low-fat diets to regulate glucose levels

• Avoiding high-carb commercial treats

• Maintaining a consistent feeding schedule to prevent blood sugar spikes

Proper pet nutrition supports overall wellness and helps keep diabetes in check.

• Exercise

Moderate, consistent exercise helps manage diabetes in dogs by regulating blood sugar and supporting a healthy weight. Start with daily 20–30 minute walks and introduce light play using toys like treat-dispensing balls, puzzle toys, or soft tug ropes. For lower-impact activity, try indoor scent games or gentle fetch with a soft ball.

• Routine Monitoring

Glucose monitoring (either at home or with your vet) ensures your dog’s blood sugar stays in the target range. Regular check-ups help adjust insulin doses if needed.

• Insulin Injections

Most diabetic dogs require insulin shots, usually given twice daily. Your vet will guide you on dosage and how to administer them at home.

Final Thoughts

Diabetes in dogs symptoms can be easy to overlook, especially in the early stages. But by staying alert to changes in thirst, urination, appetite, energy levels, and vision, you can catch the condition before it leads to complications.

Remember, you know your dog better than anyone. If something feels off, don’t wait. Talk to your vet and ask about dog diabetes diagnosis and treatment options. With prompt care, a tailored diet, and a steady routine, your dog can thrive even with diabetes.

Because when it comes to your dog’s health, awareness is the first step to action.

By Esther Namawanda